Credit 'Curfews' Answer to UK Debt Crisis
23 May 2019 01:06 PM
Credit 'curfews' are needed to stop people spiraling into debt, according to a new report.
Newcastle University researchers say a ban on access to online credit between 11pm and 7am could help protect consumers. Rates of people owing money peak when payday loans are taken out during these hours, their study Digital Credit, Mobile Devices and Indebtedness reveals.
The report, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), warns how 'digital' credit services are fueling borrowing and spending on impulse. Consumers are being encouraged to borrow more than they can pay back because sites are designed to give a false sense of control.
Easy access from smartphones, tablets or other devices any time of day or night encourages this problematic behaviour, according to the study. The findings are based on in-depth interviews with people using payday lending - or high cost short term credit (HCSTC) - services via apps or the Internet.
"Urgent reforms are needed to protect consumers from financial and psychological risks," says lead researcher Dr James Ash from the University’s department of Media, Culture and Heritage.
"The shift online has increased availability of payday loans to people previously excluded by mainstream lenders.
"But our research shows that digital access to credit only offers quick fixes - it doesn't address borrowing's root cause.
"Twenty-four-hour access to credit from any device is leading to unsustainable borrowing. This can contribute to long-term personal and financial hardship, and mental health problems."
The cash and payday loan market has grown rapidly in the past five years. Regulators have introduced credit limits but not addressed the impact of online services directly. Dr Ash and colleagues from Newcastle and Durham universities, set out to establish how the rise in digital access to loans is changing borrowing practices among consumers.
The researchers also investigated how credit websites are designed, and their influence on how customers make decisions. The findings are based on in-depth interviews with 40 people using payday loans, as well as with debt organisations. A total of 30 digital borrowing websites were also analysed, and interviews conducted with their designers.
The Newcastle University report highlights how some sites designs can speed up lending. Minimum and maximum loan amounts are shown using sliding bars, with interviewees saying these design features legitimize their borrowing. The bars make the amount they want to borrow appear reasonable, which Dr Ash says 'trivialises' decision-making around borrowing.
Anonymity and privacy are also key in the appeal of accessing credit digitally. Some interviewees said they did not have to explain themselves or face being judged - or rejected - by a real person. A downside though of obtaining credit this way was that loan providers target customers with messages through mobile devices. The report found this contributed to mental health issues because consumers cannot 'get away' from their debt.
Digital Credit, Mobile Devices and Indebtedness urges regulators and policymakers to prohibit loan companies from pursuing existing customers by text and email to take out more credit.
Customers who fail to complete an application process should also not be harassed, says the report. Other recommendations include measures to slow down customers from making hasty decisions. These include automatic prompts on the final application page to encourage them to reflect before submitting their form.
Dr Ash says the findings also relate to wider issues around digital access to all types of consumer credit.
"This is especially the case as traditional payday loan products are now changing into longer-term installment loans," he adds.
Further information
For further information contact:
Notes for editors
- The ESRC is part of UK Research and Innovation, a new organisation that brings together the UK's seven research councils, Innovate UK and Research England to maximise the contribution of each council and create the best environment for research and innovation to flourish. The vision is to ensure the UK maintains its world-leading position in research and innovation.
- The ESRC is the UK’s largest funder of research on the social and economic questions facing us today. It supports the development and training of the UK’s future social scientists and also funds major studies that provide the infrastructure for research. ESRC-funded research informs policy-makers and practitioners and helps make businesses, voluntary bodies and other organisations more effective.
- UK Research and Innovation is a new body which works in partnership with universities, research organisations, businesses, charities, and government to create the best possible environment for research and innovation to flourish. We aim to maximise the contribution of each of our component parts, working individually and collectively. We work with our many partners to benefit everyone through knowledge, talent and ideas.
- Read more about Dr James Ash’s research: Digital Interfaces and Debt: understanding mediated decision making processes in high cost short term credit products