Government should seize shale gas as an economic opportunity
8 May 2014 11:41 AM
The House of Lords
Economic Affairs Committee has today called on the Government to do more to
bring forward development of the UK’s shale gas and oil resource and
ensure that the UK enjoys the substantial benefits shale gas can bring to the
economy, to national energy security and to the environment.
'Go all out for
shale'
The Committee fully supports the
Government’s commitment to ‘go all out for shale’. It says
the UK is ‘exceptionally fortunate’ to have substantial shale gas
and oil resources and that exploration and appraisal is urgently needed to
establish their economic potential.
But the Committee is
disappointed that the exploratory drilling with hydraulic fracturing
(“fracking”) needed for shale gas development has hardly begun. It
found that since the lifting of a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in 2012,
the Environment Agency has not received or approved a single application for
the permits necessary for exploratory drilling. The report calls for a
simplified and clear regulatory regime to encourage development of shale and
reassure communities that risks of harm to the environment or human health are
low. The Committee express concern that complex regulation may be causing
unnecessary delays.
Substantial economic
benefits
- Reducing energy imports and
helping to maintain security of supply, especially valuable given the
continuing fall in output from the North Sea and Europe’s reliance on
Russia, its biggest gas supplier, highlighted by the crisis in
Ukraine.
- The creation of new jobs,
particularly in areas such as North West England.
- Retention and development of
energy intensive and petrochemical industries; in the US, these industries are
returning from overseas locations due to new sources of energy and feedstock;
development of the UK’s shale resource should similarly help retain and
promote these industries
- Benefits to the balance of
payments and to tax revenue to the Exchequer in years to
come.
The benefits cannot be
quantified however until exploratory drilling and appraisal establishes the
UK’s economically recoverable reserves of shale gas and paves the way for
development.
The Committee welcomes the
community benefit schemes announced by the industry for localities where
fracking takes place.
Climate change
The Committee also points to the
positive contribution that shale gas development would make to achievement of
the UK’s commitments on climate change. The carbon footprint of shale gas
extraction and use is estimated to be around half that of coal and lower than
that of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The Committee believes shale gas has an
important role to play in the transition to low-carbon energy.
Strengthen public
confidence
Although some concerns such as
earth tremors have been much exaggerated, the Committee believes that
legitimate concerns raised by opponents of fracking about possible harm to the
environment and health should be taken seriously. The Committee concludes
however that, with appropriate regulation, the risks are low. The Committee
point out that the UK's existing regulatory regime is well regarded
internationally but suggests improvements; for example in order to
strengthen public confidence in the safety of drilling sites, well inspectors
should be independent and not employed by the company involved in the drilling,
as can be the case at present.
The Committee also says that
Government and industry must do a much better job of explaining to the public
the potential economic and environmental benefits of developing a thriving
shale gas industry in the UK and propose the establishment of a new Cabinet
Committee to drive forward the Government’s commitment to "go all
out for shale".
Chairman's
comments
Commenting Lord MacGregor, Chairman
of the House of Lords Economic Affairs Committee, said:
“A successful shale gas
industry in the UK would be good for our economy and energy security. The
United States has raced ahead with the development of shale gas and oil in
recent years, with enormous benefits to US industry and the economy generally.
The Committee strongly supports the Government’s decision to go
‘all out for shale’. But here in the UK was have not yet left the
starting gate. Developing a successful shale gas and oil industry in the UK
must be an urgent national priority.
“Only exploratory drilling
with hydraulic fracturing, then appraisal, can show how much of the UK’s
shale resource can be developed economically. But there seems to be a
regulatory logjam; the Environment Agency has not received or approved a single
permit application to undertake hydraulic fracturing since 2012. The
Government has made attempts to simplify the regulatory regime for development
of shale but these measures have not gone far enough. Our report shows
that unnecessary duplication and diffusion of authority are still rife
throughout the regulatory process. The Government must do more to
simplify regulation to ensure that exploratory drilling and development can go
ahead. Regulation around shale should be robust, but should move quickly and be
easy to understand.
“Although the economic
opportunity offered by shale gas and oil cannot avert any near-term shortfall
in the UK’s electricity generating capacity, in the medium term UK shale
gas could help ensure that competitively priced electricity supplies are
maintained at an adequate level for many years to come.”
“We have particularly
examined environmental and other concerns about the impact of fracking. We have
concluded that legitimate concerns can be addressed through appropriate
regulations. The UK regulatory framework is well regarded internationally but
we suggest some improvements, for example that well inspectors should be
independent and not employed by the drilling company.”