Radical sentencing overhaul to cut crime

16 Sep 2020 12:15 PM

The Lord Chancellor Robert Buckland QC has today set out his plan for "smarter sentencing" to crack down on crime and protect the public by ensuring dangerous criminals are kept in prison for longer.

• Sentencing overhaul to protect the public from violent and sexual offenders
• More support to get ex-offenders into work
• GPS tagging for burglars to keep tabs on their whereabouts
• Delivers on pledge to protect the public and boost confidence in the justice system

Sweeping reforms included in a landmark White Paper will see sexual and violent offenders serve longer jail time, while new measures aim to tackle the underlying causes of criminal behaviour and improve the rehabilitation and supervision of offenders in the community.

White Paper: A Smarter Approach to Scentencing

The proposals will see Whole Life Orders (WLOs) for child killers, with judges also allowed to impose this punishment on 18-20 year olds in exceptional cases to reflect the gravity of the crime. For example, acts of terrorism which cause mass loss of life.

It also includes plans to make community sentences stricter, better monitored and more targeted at cutting reoffending by tackling issues associated with criminality. The intervention comes as data shows almost a third of those on community orders reported having mental health issues or drug addiction, and 38% an alcohol problem which can often fuel criminal behaviour.

More vulnerable offenders who do not pose a risk to public safety will be diverted into treatment programmes to recover from these serious issues, such as mental health, alcohol or drug addiction programmes. The move aims to help them lead crime free lives, ultimately helping drive down reoffending rates – with the government also strengthening supervision to ensure compliance.

This includes making community sentences, given to those instead of prison time, tougher by doubling the amount of time offenders can be subject to curfew restrictions to two years for more serious criminals. Courts and probation staff will be given more flexibility to use those curfews to support rehabilitation. For example, by having lesser restrictions Monday to Friday to keep offenders in work, but stricter curfews of up to 20 hours a day on weekends. The robust measures aim to provide strong but rehabilitative punishment in the community.

Meanwhile, for the first time, GPS electronic location monitoring will be used to track burglars, robbers and thieves when they are released from prison. Reoffending rates among these offenders is amongst the highest across all offence types, with individuals convicted of theft who reoffend doing so on average five times over their lifetime. The technology will allow probation to monitor an offender’s whereabouts and where appropriate share this data with the police to support them investigating and prosecuting these crimes.

The move builds on Government’s plans to make greater use of electronic tags to cut crime, following the rollout of GPS monitoring over the last twelve months and plans to begin using so-called ‘sobriety tags’ to tackle alcohol-related offending.

The measures seek to protect the public and deliver on the Government’s pledge to restore faith in the justice system. They include:

• Whole life Orders for child killers, as well as allowing judges to hand out this maximum punishment to 18-20-year olds in exceptional cases to reflect the gravity of a crime. For example, acts of terrorism which lead to mass loss of life.
• New powers to halt the automatic release of offenders who pose a terrorist threat or are a danger to the public.
• Reducing the opportunities for over 18s who committed murder as a child, to have their minimum term reviewed – ensuring they cannot game the system and torment victims’ families further.
• Ending the halfway release of offenders sentenced to between four and seven years in prison for serious crimes such as rape, manslaughter and GBH with intent. Instead they will have to spend two-thirds of their time behind bars.
• Increasing the starting point for determining sentences for 15-17 year olds who commit murder from a minimum of 12 years to two thirds of the equivalent starting point for adults. It will ensure that the seriousness of the offence is taken into account and there is less of a gap between older children and young adults.
• Longer tariffs for discretionary life sentences. Increasing the minimum period that must be spent in prison by requiring judges to base their calculation of the tariff on what two-thirds of an equivalent determinate sentence would be, rather than half as they do now. This will mean life sentence prisoners serve longer in prison before they can be considered for release by the Parole Board.
• Raising the threshold for passing a sentence below the minimum term for repeat offenders, including key serious offences such as “third strike” burglary which carries a minimum three-year custodial sentence and “two strike” knife possession which has a minimum six-month sentence for adults. Making it less likely that a court will depart from theses minimum terms.
• Piloting Problem Solving Court models in up to five courts, targeted at repeat offenders who would otherwise have been sent to custody.
• Making full use of tagging technologies to create a tough restrictive order in the community.
• Piloting new ways of delivering timely and high-quality Pre-Sentence Reports.
• Launching a national ‘Call for Evidence’ to obtain a clearer picture of how the justice system supports offenders with neuro-divergent conditions such as autism, ADHD and dyslexia.
• Reforming criminal records disclosure to reduce the time period in which offenders have to declare offences to employers.
• New legislation to introduce life sentences for killer drivers

Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary, Robert Buckland QC said:

For too long our justice system has been beset by complex and confusing laws which the public often feel fail in their most essential aims - to keep them safe and properly punish offenders.

That ends today. This White Paper is the first step in a fundamental shift in our approach to sentencing, towards one that is fairer, smarter and ultimately better protects the public.

Our measures will ensure the most serious violent and sexual offenders get the prison time they deserve, while new community interventions and changes to rules around criminal records will help boost rehabilitation and cut reoffending - which means creating fewer victims.

The White Paper also confirms plans to support ex-offenders striving to turn their lives around through work by reducing the time in which they are required to disclose certain convictions for non-sensitive roles.

Custodial sentences of up to a year will become ‘spent’ after a further 12 months without reoffending, while convictions between one and four years will no longer be disclosed after four crime-free years. Previously, such offences would continue to be shared with employers for up to four and seven years respectively. However, any individual that reoffends during their rehabilitation period will have to disclose both their original and subsequent offences to employers for the duration of whichever rehabilitation period is longer.

Sentences of more than four years will not automatically be disclosed to employers once a seven-year period of rehabilitation has been served. Currently, details of such offences must be shared with employers for the remainder of an offender’s life - even if the crimes were committed decades earlier, or as a child. To ensure this doesn’t result in an increased risk to the public, the changes will not apply to those that have committed serious sexual, violent or terrorist offences.

Alongside this, work is underway to boost education in prisons. Ministers will deliver on the manifesto commitment to develop a Prisoner Education Service, focused on work-based training and skills. It will build on recent reforms that have already enabled Governors to commission education services that meets the needs of their prison populations and local economies. The ability to improve prisoners’ functional, vocational and life-skills is key to support wider rehabilitation and reduce reoffending on release.

The White Paper is expected to be the foundation of new sentencing legislation next year.

Andy Cook, Chief Executive, The Centre for Social Justice said:

The Lord Chancellor is right to get to grips with tougher sentences for the most serious crimes to improve public confidence in our justice system.

Low income neighbourhoods suffer disproportionately from crime so these measures will help to secure our streets where crime hits hardest, that’s why we are hosting the Lord Chancellor today.

Tougher sentencing also needs to go hand in hand with rehabilitation to make sure we make long lasting changes, that keep the public safe and reduce crime rates.

Notes to Editors:

• The White Paper was published today.