MINISTER PROVIDES EVIDENCE TO LORD LLOYD INVESTIGATION
28 Jul 2004 12:15 PM
Veterans' Minister, Ivor Caplin MP, today submitted the MoD's
evidence to Lord Lloyd's investigation into Gulf War illnesses. The
package, containing a vast collection of documents (see notes to
editors), was handed over to the investigation by MoD officials this
morning.
Mr Caplin said:
"The MoD is committed to openness and transparency. Earlier this
month I undertook to provide Lord Lloyd with appropriate documents to
assist his investigation.
"This evidence consists of over 80 documents and is essential to
understanding the background and key issues involved.
"In putting these papers into context, I stress that I fully accept,
as does the Government, that some veterans have become ill as a
result of their service in the Gulf in the early 90's. I can assure
you that, as Minister for Veterans, I want as much as anyone else to
establish the reasons for this, and remain committed to doing so
through a dedicated programme of scientific and medical research."
Notes to Editors
1. Following is a list of the material which has been submitted to
the Lloyd investigation and is relevant to the concerns that some
veterans of the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict have about their health.
2. Gulf veterans' illness is a topic which touches many areas and the
amount of material potentially available is enormous. The area of
research is particularly difficult because of the copyright issues
associated with the publication of medical and scientific papers.
For this reason, the focus here is on work that has been sponsored
by, or carried out with the support of, the Government. Papers
covering other research are well referenced and commercially
available on the internet.
1996 & BEFORE:
Extracts from Department of Health manual "Immunisation against
Infectious Disease" 1998, 1990, 1992 & 1996.
Extracts covering the vaccination against Anthrax.
Letter to the Editor of the British Medical Journal from Lt Gen Peter
Beale. 1994
Lieutenant General Peter Beale was Surgeon General from 1991 to 1994.
His letter, published in the British Medical Journal, provided an
early introduction to the Medical Assessment Programme (MAP) and
briefly outlined the findings of the earliest analysis on the first
33 veterans seen.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/beale_letter.htm
Letter to the Editor of the British Medical Journal from Surgeon
Vice-Admiral Tony Revell. 1995
Surgeon Vice Admiral Tony Revell was Surgeon General from 1994 to
1997. This letter was published in the British Medical Journal and
reviews the analysis of the first 237 veterans to pass through the
Medical Assessment Programme.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/revell_letter.htm
A Review of Gulf War Illness. Summer 1996
A paper by Group Captain W.J. Coker (a former Head of the MAP), which
was published in the Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service,
concerning the analysis of the first 284 veterans to pass through the
MAP. http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/coker.htm
Organophosphate Pesticide Investigation Team (OPPIT) - Substantive
Report. December 1996
Following the discovery that MOD Ministers had provided false
information to Parliament concerning the use of Organophosphate
pesticides by UK troops during the Gulf conflict, the MOD
commissioned an investigation into actual events in Saudi Arabia and
into why MOD Ministers had remained unaware of the true position
until late 1996. This substantive report outlines the actual use of
these pesticides in Saudi Arabia.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/oppit.htm
1997:
Memorandum concerning the provision of advice to MOD Ministers
between 1994 and 1996 on the subject of Organophosphate pesticide use
during the Gulf War. February 1997
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/memo_feb97.htm
Gulf Veterans' Illnesses - A New Beginning. July 1997
Following the General Election, the Government published this
statement to set out the principles that would guide its approach to
Gulf Veterans' Illnesses.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/newbegin.htm
Analysis of tent materials for insecticide residues. August 1997 A
report by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist on their analysis
of 12 tent sections purchased by the Scout Association from the MOD
and suspected of being contaminated by Organophosphate pesticides.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/tentanalysis.htm
Text of a Letter from the Pesticides Safety Directorate to GVIU
concerning the analysis of tent materials for organophosphorus
insecticide residues.
September 1997
The Pesticides Safety Directorate's response to the MOD's request for
information on the health effects of the residue on fenitrothion
found on one of the tent sections analysed by the Laboratory of the
Government Chemist.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/letter_sep97.htm
Text of a Letter from the Assistant Private Secretary to the Minister
of State for the Armed Forces to members of the House of Commons
Defence Committee. October 1997
A letter informing the House of Commons Defence Committee of the
results of the analysis by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist
and of the advice provided by the Pesticides Safety Directorate.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/letter_oct97.htm
Background to the use of medical countermeasures to protect British
forces during the Gulf War. October 1997
An outline of the Iraqi chemical and biological warfare threat as
assessed at the time of the Gulf conflict, and of the overall
response by the UK, including detailed sections on each of the
individual medical countermeasures that were provided.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/mcm.htm
Further memorandum concerning the provision of advice to MOD
Ministers between 1994 and 1996 on the subject of organophosphate
pesticide use during the Gulf War. October 1997
Follow on from the OPPIT Substantive Report, and the provision of
advice to MOD Ministers up until 1996 and the process by which it was
discovered that false advice been given.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/memo_oct97.htm
1998:
Iraqi CW capability during the Gulf War: Agent 15. February 1998 An
MOD statement issued after it had become clear that Iraq may have
possessed large stocks of the mental incapacitant chemical 'Agent 15'
at the time of the Gulf War.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/cw_capability.htm
Gulf Veterans' Illnesses - Twenty Key Points. April 1998 The MOD set
out a review of the progress that had been made in fulfilling the
promises of the previous July.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/20points.htm
Dead animals during the Gulf Conflict. April 1998 An MOD review of
available information concerning the presence of dead animals during
the Gulf conflict, and considering whether or not they constituted
evidence of exposure to Chemical and Biological Weapons.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/animals.htm
MOD Press Release announcing New Head of GVMAP. July 1998
http://news.mod.uk/news/press/news_press_notice.asp?newsItem_id=372
1999:
Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War. 1999 &
Is there a Gulf War Syndrome? 1999
Two papers from the King's College Gulf War Illness Research Unit
published in the Lancet in January 1999. Funded by the US Department
of Defense.
British Medical Journal Editorial: Gulf War Syndrome. January 1999
The British Medical Journal's editorial on the findings of the MAP
1000 survey, published in the British Medical Journal on 30 January
1999.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/318/7179/274
Clinical findings for the first 1000 Gulf war veterans in the
Ministry of Defence's medical assessment programme. January 1999
The results of the MAP 1000 survey, published in the British Medical
Journal.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/318/7179/290
Testing for the presence of Depleted Uranium in UK veterans of the
Gulf Conflict: the current position. March 1999
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/depleted/dutesting.htm
Current Activity Relating to Gulf Veterans' Illnesses. April 1999
This Memorandum was prepared for the House of Commons Defence Select
Committee before the Minister of State for the Armed Forces, Mr. Doug
Henderson, gave evidence before them in April 1999. It was published
on the day of the hearing.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/hcdcmemoapr.htm
Medical Records in the Gulf. April 1999
An explanation of the Service medical documentation system, and of
how it operated in the Gulf. This paper also provides details of how
Gulf veterans may obtain copies of their medical records.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/records.htm
Gulf Veterans' Illnesses: Information Pack. May 1999
Briefing pack is intended to provide GPs, and other health
professionals, with information which they may find useful in dealing
with Gulf veterans' health concerns.
Consequences of multiple vaccination with pyridostigmine pretreatment
in the Guinea Pig - A multi Parameter Study. June 1999
An abstract on the work done to determine the appropriate vaccine
doses for use in the subsequent phases of the Vaccines Interactions
Research Programme, as presented at a conference on research into
Gulf veterans' illnesses in Washington DC.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/research/interact/outline_findings.htm
An audit of the MOD's Gulf Veterans Medical Assessment Programme.
The report by the King's Fund Health Quality Service, following a
management audit of the MAP, which was carried out on 18 December
1998.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/audit.htm
The MOD's Response to the recommendations arising from the audit
undertaken by the King's Fund Health Quality Service. December 1999
The Ministry of Defence's detailed response to the KFHQS' 1998 audit
of the Gulf Veterans Medical Assessment Programme.
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/auditresponse.pdf
British Chemical Warfare Defence During the Gulf Conflict. December
1999
A background paper detailing how Chemical Warfare Defence was
organised in the UK at the time of the Gulf War.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/ukchemical.htm
Review of Events concerning 32 Field Hospital and the Release of
Nerve Agent Arising from US Demolition of Iraqi Munitions at the
Khamisiyah Depot in March 1991.
December 1999
A review of the possible effects on UK units, in particular 32 Field
Hospital, of possible exposure to very low levels of nerve agent
which may have been released as a result of US demolition activity at
the Khamisiyah depot in Iraq.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/khamisiyah.htm
Current Activity Relating to Gulf Veterans' Illnesses.
8 December 1999
This Memorandum was prepared for the House of Commons Defence Select
Committee before Gulf veterans gave evidence before them in December
1999.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/hcdcmemo.htm
DH Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and
the Environment report on Organophosphates.
This report of the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food,
Consumer Products and the Environment considers whether single,
prolonged or repeated exposure to low doses of organophosphate
compounds (OPs) can cause long-term adverse health effects.
http://archive.food.gov.uk/dept_health/archive/cot/op.htm
2000:
Implementation of the Immunisation Programme against Biological
Warfare Agents for UK Forces During the Gulf Conflict 1990/91.
January 2000
A detailed overview of the UK's anti-biological warfare immunisation
programme during the Gulf Conflict 1990/91.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/bwa.htm
A Review of the Suggested Exposure of UK Forces to Chemical Warfare
Agents in Al Jubayl During the Gulf Conflict. January 2000
A review of the events in Al Jubayl on 19 January 1991 during the
Gulf Conflict, where veterans have suggested that they were exposed
to chemical warfare agents.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/jubayl.htm
MOD critique of the RAND report on Pyridostigmine Bromide. April
2000
This is an appraisal of the US RAND report entitled "A Review of the
Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses, Volume
II: Pyridostigmine Bromide"
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/rand.htm
British Medical Journal Editorial: Shots in the desert and Gulf War
Syndrome. May 2000
The British Medical Journal's editorial on the findings of King's
'vaccination' paper.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/320/7246/1351
Role of vaccinations as risk factors for ill health in veterans of
the Gulf war: cross sectional study. May 2000
A paper from the King's College Gulf War Illness Research Unit
published in the BMJ. Funded by the US Department of Defense.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/short/320/7246/1363
A Review of the Activities of the 1 Field Laboratory Unit and
Suggested Biological Warfare Agent Detections during Operation
Granby. May 2000
A review of events during the Gulf conflict where veterans have
suggested they were exposed to biological warfare agents.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/bwpaper.htm
Mortality among UK Gulf War veterans. July 2000
A paper by researchers from the University of Manchester published in
the Lancet.
A Review of UK Forces Chemical Warfare Agent Alerts during the
1990/1991 Gulf Conflict. July 2000
A review of UK forces chemical warfare agent alerts from September
1990 to March 1991.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/chemical.htm
Government's Response to the House of Commons Defence Select
Committee's Seventh Report Session 1999-2000 Gulf Veterans'
Illnesses. July/August 2000
On 11 May 2000, the House of Commons Defence Select Committee
published a report on Gulf Veterans' Illnesses. On 3 August 2000, the
committee published the Government's response.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/gen_reports/hcdc7report.htm
Gulf Update. December 2000
The first edition of the MOD's Newsletter for Gulf veterans.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/gulf_update.htm
2001:
Gulf Veterans' Illnesses: Information Pack. January 2001
Briefing pack is intended to provide GPs, and other health
professionals, with information which they may find useful in dealing
with Gulf veterans' health concerns. [A new edition is in
preparation.]
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/infopack.htm
Background paper to release of historical documents- Documents
Explaining the Ministry of Defence Position on the Risks and Health
Hazards [Depleted Uranium]. January 2001
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/documentation_html.htm
Biological Consequences of Multiple Vaccine and Pyridostigmine
Pretreatment in the Guinea Pig. January 2001
A detailed paper on the work done to determine the appropriate
vaccine doses for use in the subsequent phases of the Vaccines
Interactions Research Programme. Published in the Journal of Applied
Toxicology.
Investigation of the effects of multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine
administration in a non-human primate model. January 2001
Poster/Abstract presented at the Conference on Illnesses among Gulf
War Veterans: A decade of scientific research in Washington DC in
January 2001 reporting the results of the first two phases of the
marmoset study, which found that the dose and panel of vaccines used
in the guinea pig study did not give rise to acute health
consequences.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/research/interact/vaccine.htm
The Proposed Introduction of a Voluntary Screening Programme
Following Health Concerns in Respect of Depleted Uranium. February
2001 http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/du_screen.pdf
Responses http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/du_responses.pdf
Safety guidance on Depleted Uranium. March 2001
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/gulf_du_safety_guidance.pdf
Current Activity Relating to Gulf Veterans' Illnesses. April 2001
This Memorandum was prepared for the House of Commons Defence Select
Committee before the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for
Defence and Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Dr Lewis Moonie, gave
evidence before them in May 2001. It was published on the day before
the hearing.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/policy/hcdcmemo3.htm
Second Public Consultation paper on introduction of a retrospective
screening programme for Depleted Uranium (with summary of responses).
April 2001
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/dsef/du_consultation2.pdf
Responses http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/responses.htm
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Editorial: New challenges
facing ill health in Gulf war veterans. May 2001
Editorial on the findings of University of Manchester's 'Health &
Exposure'
papers. http://oem.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/58/5/289
Health and Exposures of United Kingdom Gulf war veterans.
Pt. 1 The Pattern and extent of ill health.
Pt 2 The relation of health to exposure. May 2001
Two papers from the University of Manchester published in
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
http://oem.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/5/291?ijkey=95d48950b46b3d76843eb4515ed081cd8f7228b7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Detection of Potential Squalene in Various Vaccines. June 2001
The results of an analysis, by an independent laboratory, of the
vaccines used in the Gulf conflict for the presence of squalene.
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/gviu/squalene.pdf
Clinical findings for the second 1000 Gulf veterans in the Ministry
of Defence's medical assessment programme. July 2001.
The details of the review of diagnoses made in the second 1000 Gulf
veterans seen at the Ministry of Defence's Gulf Veterans' Medical
Assessment Programme.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/pesticides/clinical.htm
Gulf Update. August 2001
The second edition of the MOD's Newsletter for Gulf veterans.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/gulf_update.htm
Case Narrative: Kuwaiti Girls' School. September 2001
Final version of the joint UK/US investigation into the alleged
discovery of chemical warfare agent at the Sabahiyah Girls' School,
Kuwait, after the Gulf conflict.
http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/kuwaiti_final/
Gulf Update. December 2001
The third edition of the MOD's Newsletter for Gulf veterans.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/gulf_update.htm
2002:
Post traumatic stress disorder following military combat or peace
keeping. February 2002.
Letter published in the British Medical Journal.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/324/7333/340
Post combat syndromes from the Boer War to the Gulf War: a cluster
analysis of their nature and attribution. February 2002
Results of work carried out at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of
Medicine and the US medical research institute. The MOD co-operated
with the research team by providing access to anonymised medical data
relating to UK Gulf veterans held at the Medical Assessment
Programme.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/324/7333/321
Proposal for a Research Programme on Depleted Uranium. March 2002
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/du_research.htm
The Biological Consequences of Exposure to a combination of Anthrax
and Pertussis Vaccine Preparations in Mice. September 2002
The specific combination of anthrax and pertussis vaccines and
Pyridostigmine Bromide was investigated as part of the Vaccines
Interactions Research Programme by the National Institute for
Biological Standards and Control. This outline of the findings of
the first phase of this work was presented at the "Conference on
Dangerous Pathogens".
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/research/anthrax_pertussis.htm
Gulf Veterans and Blood Donation. September/October 2002
Correspondence between MOD and the National Blood Service clarifying
NBS position on blood donations from veterans of the 1990/1991 Gulf
Conflict. http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/Blood.htm
Health status and clinical diagnosis of 3000 UK Gulf War veterans.
October 2002. The details of the review of diagnoses made for the
first 3000 veterans of the Gulf conflict 1990-91 seen at the Gulf
Veterans' Medical Assessment Programme, published in the Journal of
the Royal Society of Medicine.
http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/10/491
Gulf Update. (Latest) November 2002
A newsletter distributed to those with a known interest in 1990/1991
Gulf Veterans Illnesses.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/gulf_update.htm
Neurophysiologic analysis of neuromuscular symptoms in UK Gulf War
veterans (& Editorial). November 2002. Study examining if reported
neurophysiological symptoms in UK Gulf veterans correspond with
objective evidence of neuromuscular dysfunction. Part 1 Published in
Neurology.
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/10/1518
Part 2 findings submitted for peer review.
The Gulf Veterans' Medical Assessment Programme Factsheet. December
2002
Answers to some frequently asked questions about the MAP.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/map/mapfaq.htm
2003:
MOD's policy for Biological Monitoring for Depleted Uranium on
Operations. January 2003.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/du_biomonitoring.htm
The study of reproductive outcome and the health of offspring of UK
veterans of the Gulf war: methods and description of the study
population. January 2003
Paper reporting the survey methods of researchers from the London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine studying the reproductive
health of Gulf veterans. Published in the on-line journal BioMed
Central.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/4
Depleted Uranium safety instructions (Op TELIC). February 2003.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/gulf_safety_instructions.htm
Abstract & Poster presented at the British Toxicological Society's
annual conference in Edinburgh, reporting preliminary results from
core study of the Vaccines Interactions Research Programme. These
preliminary results provide data on behaviour, sleep, EEG, body
weight, cholinesterase inhibition and muscle function and indicate no
apparent adverse health consequences 3 months following the
administration of vaccine and/or PB.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/research/interactions/apr_2003.htm
Abstract & Poster presented at the 3rd international meeting of the
Edward Jenner Institute on 13 April 2003, reporting further
preliminary results from core study of the Vaccines Interactions
Research Programme.
These further preliminary results report preliminary immunology data
for the first three months post vaccination, and indicate no apparent
adverse health consequences 3 months following the administration of
vaccine and/or PB.
http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/research/Immunological_Poster.htm
Psychiatric disorder in veterans of the Persian Gulf War of 1991. May
2003. Systematic literature review of studies examining psychiatric
disorders in Gulf veterans. Published in the British Journal of
Psychiatry.
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/182/5/391
Medical Research Council Review of Research into UK Gulf Veterans'
Illnesses. May 2003
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/gviu/MHRAG8.05.03.pdf
Improving the Delivery of Cross Departmental Support and Services for
Veterans. July 2003.
Cross Government funded report by Kings College London.
http://www.mod.uk/publications/vets_svcs/index.html
Operations in Iraq: First Reflections. July 2003
http://www.mod.uk/publications/iraq_lessons/
Anthrax Immunisation and Other Medical Countermeasures. October 2003
Answer to a written Parliamentary Question from Lord Morris of
Manchester about anthrax immunisations and other medical
countermeasures intended to protect UK personnel during the 1990/1991
Gulf Conflict.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds03/text/31009w01.htm#31009w01_sbhd0
Gulf war illness- better, worse, or just the same? A cohort study.
December 2003
Paper from the King's College Gulf War Illness Research Unit
published in the British Medical Journal. Funded by the US
Department of Defense.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/327/7428/1370
Incidence of cancer among UK Gulf war veterans: cohort study.
December 2003
Professor Gary Macfarlane of the University of Manchester's study of
the incidence of cancers in Gulf veterans. Published in the British
Medical Journal.
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/327/7428/1373
Operations in Iraq: Lessons for the Future. December 2003
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/publications/iraq/opsiniraq.pdf
2004:
Miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital malformation in the offspring
of UK veterans of the first Gulf war. March 2004
Paper reporting reproductive outcomes from a study of the
reproductive health of Gulf veterans by researchers from the London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Published in the
International Journal of Epidemiology.
http://ije.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/33/1/74
Strategy for Veterans. (Latest version) April 2004.
http://www.veteransagency.mod.uk/vasec/strategy.pdf
Depleted Uranium Factsheets. (Latest version) May 2004.
DU - The Facts http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/facts.htm
DU - The Misconceptions
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/misconceptions.htm
DU - Middle East 2003 (Op Telic)
http://www.mod.uk/issues/depleted_uranium/middle_east_2003.htm
Self-reported ill health in male UK Gulf War veterans: a
retrospective cohort study. July 2004
Paper by a member of the team from the London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine reporting on general health as reported within
their study of the reproductive health of Gulf veterans. Published in
the online journal BioMed Central.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-4-27.pdf
UK Gulf Veterans' Mortality figures. July 2004
Figures are published every six months showing the mortality of UK
Gulf veterans in comparison to an era group.
http://www.dasa.mod.uk/natstats/gulf/intro.html
Infertility among male UK veterans of the 1990-1 Gulf war:
reproductive cohort study. July 2004
Paper reporting on male fertility from a study of the reproductive
health of Gulf veterans by researchers from the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Published in the British Medical
Journal Online First
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/bmj.38163.620972.AEv1
Friendly Fire: The construction of Gulf War Syndrome narratives.
July/August 2004
Paper reporting the early findings of a study by Ms S Kilshaw which
was jointly funded by MOD and the Economic & Social Research Council)
looking at the social construction of "Gulf War Syndrome". Published
in the August edition of Anthropology & Medicine.
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