Global warming
could melt the vast Greenland ice sheet beyond ‘tipping points’
from which it would only partially recover even if global carbon
dioxide concentrations returned to levels prior to the industrial revolution.
Previous studies have already shown that the ice sheet, covering
an area of about 1.7 million km², could melt completely over a few
thousand years if global temperatures rise unchecked. This would
raise sea levels by up to seven metres.
This latest study used a sophisticated climate model coupled to a
3D simulation of the ice sheet to predict changes over thousands
of years — a method pioneered by the Met Office Hadley Centre.
Scientists found there were ‘tipping points’ in the melting of the
ice sheet which, when crossed, meant that the ice sheet may only
recover to certain levels even when temperatures returned to
pre-industrial levels.
If the ice sheet shrinks by more than 15% (which could occur
within 300 years) it would be locked into a decline from which it
could only recover to 80% of its current size. This would cause a
1.3 metre sea level rise.If the ice sheet reduces to about 50% of
its current size it would be locked into further reduction, only
stabilising again at 20% of its current size – creating a
sea-level rise of 5 metres.
This damage could only be undone if the global temperatures
plunged back into an ice age — where temperatures would be cool
enough for the ice to rebuild. Current predictions estimate this
is unlikely to happen for tens of thousands of years.
Jeff Ridley, a Met Office Climate Scientist specialising in Polar
Regions, said: “The effects of the greenhouse gases we emit today
will still be felt long into the future so we will need to start
taking action now to stop temperature rises that will still be
happening at the end of this century. Only by tackling warming
temperatures now can we prevent the ice sheet melting past these
tipping points, and prevent irreversible sea-level rise.”
Our expertise in this area is now being used to assess how global
warming could impact the world’s biggest ice sheet, in the
Antarctic. Covering an area of about 14 million km², it contains
about 60% of all the fresh water on Earth and any melting could
have a significant effect on sea-levels.
ENDS
Notes to Editors
For further information contact Met Office Press
Office 01392 886655 or email pressoffice@metoffice.gov.uk
Notes:
· The Met
Office Hadley Centre is the UK's foremost centre
for climate change research. Mainly funded by DECC (the Department
of Energy and Climate Change) and Defra (the Department for
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), it provides information and
advice to the UK Government on climate change issues.
· The paper ‘Thresholds for irreversible decline of the Greenland
ice sheet’ by J. Ridley, J Gregory, P. Huybrechts and J Lowe is
published in Climate Dynamics
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